Strictly speaking, this steppe war was a completely unprovoked disaster for Bingzhou, which had been forced into a passive defense.
According to Bingzhou's original plans, this major conflict was not supposed to erupt for another two years. However, Modu's scheming forced it to begin ahead of schedule. As a result, apart from Donghu, the Xiongnu, Bingzhou, and the Dayuezhi were all passively dragged into the fighting.
Unfortunately, although Donghu came fully prepared, various factors plunged them into a passive position from the start, and in the end, they spent all that effort only to come out worse off!
Chapter 424